Abstract: Germanium (Ge) has played a key role in silicon photonics as an enabling material for datacom applications. Indeed, the unique properties of Ge have been leveraged to develop high performance integrated photodectors, which are now mature devices. Ge is also very useful for the achievement of compact modulators and monolithically integrated laser sources on silicon. Interestingly, research efforts in these domains also put forward the current revolution of mid-IR photonics. Ge and Ge-based alloys also present strong advantages for mid-infrared photonic platform such as the extension of the transparency window for these materials, which can operate at wavelengths beyond 8 μm. Different platforms have been proposed to take benefit from the broad transparency of Ge up to 15 μm, and the main passive building blocks are now being developed. In this review, we will present the most relevant Ge-based.
Abstract: We present the realization of an optical sensor based on an infiltrated high-𝑄 slot photonic crystal cavity in a nonfreestanding membrane configuration. Successive infiltrations by liquids with refractive indices ranging from 1.345 to 1.545 yield a sensitivity 𝑆 of 235 nm/RIU (refractive index unit), while the 𝑄-factor is comprised between 8000 and 25,000, giving a sensor figure of merit up to 3700. This sensor has a detection limit of 1.25×10−5. The operation of this device on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate allows a straightforward integration in the silicon photonics platform, while providing a compliant mechanical stability.
Abstract: We experimentally investigate refractive index sensing in silicon slot waveguide ring resonators by the detection of the giant shift of the ring transmission spectrum envelope enabled by the following specific conditions: the slot waveguide cross section as well as the ring couplers have been designed to lead to a V-shaped microring resonator spectrum modulated by the classical frequency comb and exhibiting quality factor peaks of 2000–6000 around λ=1.5 μm. By tracking the spectrum envelope wavelength shift, sensitivity up to S=1,300 nm per refraction index unit (RIU) is reported when the slots are filled by liquids with refraction index values close to 1.33.
- Enhancing SiN waveguide optical nonlinearity via hybrid GaS integrationS Deckoff-Jones, V Pelgrin, J Zhang, C Lafforgue, L Deniel, S Guerber, …Journal of Optics 23 (2), 025802
- Heterogeneous Integration of Doped Crystalline Zirconium Oxide for Photonic ApplicationsA Ruiz-Caridad, G Marcaud, E Duran-Valdeiglesias, JM Ramirez, J Zhang, …IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 28 (3), 1-13
- 1/f Noise Characteristics of Waveguide-Integrated PbTe MIR Detectors and Impact on Limit of DetectionE Guglielmi, P Su, F Zanetto, K Stoll, S Serna, G Ferrari, M Sampietro, …Journal of Lightwave Technology 39 (22), 7326-7333
- Simultaneous electrical and optical connections for flip chip assemblyLC Kimerling, J Michel, AM Agarwal, K Wada, DM Weninger, S SernaUS Patent 11,067,754
- Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of crystalline oxide yttria-stabilized zirconiaG Marcaud, S Serna, K Panaghiotis, C Alonso-Ramos, X Le Roux, …Photonics Research 8 (2), 110-120
- Integration of semiconducting carbon nanotubes within a silicon photonic moleculeW Zhang, E Durán-Valdeiglesias, C Alonso-Ramos, S Serna, X Le Roux, …IEEE Photonics Journal 12 (1), 1-8
- Bridgewater State University Physics Builds Photonics and Optical Engineering BS Degree ProgramE Deveney, E Demirbas, S Serna, T KlingBulletin of the American Physical Society 65
- A free-space to fiber coupling lab as part of an optics and fiber kit being developed for undergraduate curricula and outreachE Demirbas, SF Serna-Otalvaro, EF DeveneyOptics Education and Outreach VI 11480, 114800Q
- The Responsibility of Scientists in Public PolicySS OtálvaroBridgewater Review 39 (1), 8-12
- Engineering third-order optical nonlinearities in hybrid chalcogenide-on-silicon platformS Serna, H Lin, C Alonso-Ramos, C Lafforgue, X Le Roux, KA Richardson, …Optics letters 44 (20), 5009-5012
- Web-based interactive simulations and virtual lab for photonics educationE Verlage, S Saini, A Agarwal, S Serna, R Kosciolek, T Morrisey, …Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, 11143_136
- Building blocks of silicon photonicsL Vivien, C Baudot, F Boeuf, B Szelag, C Alonso-Ramos, D Benedikovic, …Semiconductors and Semimetals 101, 1-41
- Nonlinear optical properties of integrated GeSbS chalcogenide waveguidesS Serna, H Lin, C Alonso-Ramos, A Yadav, X Le Roux, K Richardson, …Photonics Research 6 (5), B37-B42
- High-quality crystalline yttria-stabilized-zirconia thin layer for photonic applicationsG Marcaud, S Matzen, C Alonso-Ramos, X Le Roux, M Berciano, …Physical Review Materials 2 (3), 035202
- Tailoring carbon nanotubes optical properties through chirality-wise silicon ring resonatorsE Durán-Valdeiglesias, W Zhang, C Alonso-Ramos, S Serna, X Le Roux, …Scientific reports 8 (1), 1-9
- Nonlinear Properties of Ge-rich Si 1− x Ge x Materials with Different Ge ConcentrationsS Serna, V Vakarin, JM Ramirez, J Frigerio, A Ballabio, X Le Roux, …Scientific reports 7 (1), 1-11
- Bi-directional top-hat D-Scan: single beam accurate characterization of nonlinear waveguidesS Serna, N DubreuilOptics Letters 42 (16), 3072-3075
- Narrow-linewidth carbon nanotube emission in silicon hollow-core photonic crystal cavityTHC Hoang, E Durán-Valdeiglesias, C Alonso-Ramos, S Serna, W Zhang, …Optics letters 42 (11), 2228-2231
- Silicon nanobeam cavity for ultra-localized light-matter interactionW Zhang, S Serna, X Le Roux, L Vivien, E CassanOptics letters 42 (17), 3323-3326
- Experimental GVD engineering in slow light slot photonic crystal waveguidesS Serna, P Colman, W Zhang, X Le Roux, C Caer, L Vivien, E CassanScientific reports 6 (1), 1-9
- Hybrid silicon slotted photonic crystal waveguides: how does third order nonlinear performance scale with slow light?J Xia, S Serna, W Zhang, L Vivien, É CassanPhotonics Research 4 (6), 257-261
- Integration of carbon nanotubes in silicon strip and slot waveguide micro-ring resonatorsE Durán-Valdeiglesias, W Zhang, A Noury, C Alonso-Ramos, THC Hoang, …IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 15 (4), 583-589
- Analysis of silicon-on-insulator slot waveguide ring resonators targeting high Q-factorsW Zhang, S Serna, X Le Roux, C Alonso-Ramos, L Vivien, E CassanOpt. Lett. 40 (23), 5566-5569
- Nonlinear optimization of slot Si waveguides: TPA minimization with FOMTPA up to 4.25W Zhang, S Serna, N Dubreuil, E CassanOptics letters 40 (7), 1212-1215
- Enhanced nonlinear interaction in a microcavity under coherent excitationS Serna, J Oden, M Hanna, C Caer, X Le Roux, C Sauvan, P Delaye, …Optics Express 23 (23), 29964-29977
- SOI Slotted Photonic Crystal Cavities Spanning From 1.3 to 1.6 μm With Q/V Factors Above 800 000THC Hoang, W Zhang, SF Serna-Otalvaro, C Caer, X Le Roux, L Vivien, …IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 27 (20), 2138-2141
- Potential for large optical gain improvement of erbium-doped slot waveguide amplifiers in silicon photonicsS Serna, W Zhang, X Leroux, D Gao, D Zhang, L Vivien, E CassanJOSA B 31 (9), 2021-2028
- Large group-index bandwidth product empty core slow light photonic crystal waveguides for hybrid silicon photonicsC Caer, X Le Roux, S Serna, W Zhang, L Vivien, E CassanFrontiers of Optoelectronics 7 (3), 376-384
- Design, fabrication and optimization of silicon slot photonic ring resonatorsW Zhang, S Serna, X Le Roux, L Vivien, E CassanAsia Communications and Photonics Conference, AF1B. 2